The History of Cognitive Enhancement Supplements

What most people don’t realize is that cognitive enhancement supplements have been around for a long time. In fact, they’ve been around for a very long time, most notably playing an important role in ancient Indian and Chinese medicine as many as 5,000 years ago. And one of the most common of all “smart drugs,” […]



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How Long Before Seeing Aniracetam Benefits?

When determining which smart drug you want to take to improve your cognitive abilities, it is always important that you are able to do some research on all the options and make the best choice from those. You will see that it isn’t as easy as you think to make the decision without all of […]



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Oxiracetam GNC Availability

There are many locations where one can find nootropic drugs these days. The popularity over the past few years has created a huge demand for certain types of drugs including racetams. This family of GABA derivatives has helped numerous people worldwide to improve memory. Many Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s patients have seen great memory and cognitive […]



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Why Use a Nootropics List?

People who want to get started with nootropics often do not know where to look and have no idea which drug to start with. Using a nootropics list with the best available suggestions can help you to make a decision based on your goals and the things that you want to get assistance with in […]



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Aniracetam Benefits and Choline

There are millions of people who have found aniracetam benefits when taking nootropic drugs, but not all of them have the knowledge to make the best use of the drug. Studies in rats showed that a good choline ratio could amplify the benefits of taking aniracetam even more and help to prevent many of the […]



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Best Aniracetam Choline Ratio for Beginners

Starting any kind of nootropic regimen should be done with the proper research and caution. It is important to keep this in mind no matter what smart drug you are taking, but with racetams in particular. The reason racetams are particular is because of the synergy between choline and aniracetam. The beginner nootropic user should […]



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Capsule Piracetam Online

Students and hard working professionals all over the world have found smart drugs to be the new method of improving memory and getting far better results. Memory retention tests on humans have shown that piracetam is one of the most effective ways to improve this part of your brain. The racetam analogues are derivatives of […]



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Piracetam Reviews for Safety

Anyone who is thinking of entering the nootropic world needs to consider using piracetam reviews to improve safety. There are many people who don’t consider the side effects of taking any kind of drug and then they have problems and do not understand them properly. It is better to have an understanding of the drug […]



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Where to Buy Nootropics Quickly

These days people are always looking for a quick fix for their problems. With smart drugs and getting ahead, it is no different. There are a wide range of drugs that you can take in order to enhance your neuro capabilities, but it is important to find sources that provide quick service. Those looking for […]



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Piracetam Depression and Aniracetam Mix

For people who have dealt with any negative side effects of piracetam, there are many options. Of course, the most common issue is a lack of choline, which is used to cure the headaches that are often associated with this type of problem. However, there are some people who experience piracetam depression even though the […]



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Dangers of Nootropics

As with any kind of consumable product, people are understandably worried if there are dangers of nootropics. While the category of nootropic drugs is very broad and encompasses many different products, it is difficult to say whether there are significant dangers. However, we will use the following article to break the nootropic category down a […]



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Why Buy Piracetam Online?

There are many people around the world who buy piracetam in order to improve memory retention or prevent neuro degeneration. Using the piracetam that you purchase from a local store will be safe, but there are a number of disadvantages inherent with this type of purchase. The following article will provide some guidance as to […]



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Work Hard and Play Hard: A Nootropics Guide for Party Recovery

Parties of all kinds have been a long part of human history. Tribal gatherings were prevalent before “civilization”, the Greeks and Romans drank more wine than water, and the Medieval ages saw the rise of liquor, beer, and other intoxicants to help people enjoy themselves. Modern partying can be even more taxing on the human […]



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Aniracetam and Choline Dominance

Enhancing your cognitive abilities, and memory in particular, is not difficult if you have the right smart drugs at your disposal. Some of these smart drugs are regulated in the United States and require a prescription. You can always speak to a doctor about getting this type of prescription, but it is best if you […]



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Aniracetam Half Life and Health

When administering any kind of nootropic drug, it is important to keep your health in mind. The ingredients in that particular drug may not be the best or the dosages you are using may cause damage as well. Whatever the case may be, the aniracetam half life information in the following article can help you […]



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Does Piracetam GNC Exist?

A lot of people who buy smart drugs are looking for the highest quality products that are going to offer some measure of protection. People who want the racetam line of products often ask specifically where there is such a thing as piracetam GNC sells. The answer is both “yes” and “no”. Don’t worry, we […]



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Nootropic Supplements for Memory

Enhancing memory is often one of the least discussed advantages of smart drugs, but it can be extremely advantageous for college students and busy professionals. There are nootropic supplements that can help to improve your memory and offer many practical benefits. However, it is difficult to understand how some of the best nootropic drugs work […]



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Fear of the Oxiracetam Headache

One of the common side effects of racetams in general is a headache that is associated with a lack of acetylcholine in the brain. This can be different for each person, but it has become so widely known that there are a lot of people that avoid taking the drug due to the fear of […]



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Piracetam and Choline Provide Enhanced Cognition

There are many advantages of taking piracetam and choline including preventing headaches. However, there is more than just headache prevention at work when you combine choline and piracetam. The most important study performed in 1981 has showed the dramatic increase in memory retention when choline was combined with piracetam in mice. The study helped scientists […]



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Buy Nootropics Cheaply

Finding a good quality product cheaply is not an easy task in the modern world. There is so much competition and the marketplace is becoming more globalized that the best products are known and purchased as they are in demand. While marketing plays a huge role, you can buy nootropics cheaply and still get good […]



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Aniracetam Dangers and Toxicity

A major concern for a lot of people that use nootropic drugs is how exactly to come up with the best doses. While a lot of people try to take as much as they can get in order to improve cognitive advantages quicker, this is a bad idea that can be very detrimental to your […]



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Oxiracetam Half Life for Mixing Compounds

No matter what type of racetam you are using, it is worthwhile to do some research into the half life. The oxiracetam half life is particularly interesting as it can tell you a lot about the drug and how to properly dose. Not only is this helpful for using to dose throughout the day, but […]



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Aniracetam and Alcohol Recommended?

There are many different types of recommendations, but the aniracetam and alcohol combination is definitely not one of them. Most people who wan to improve their cognitive abilities are not going to use this combination for a nootropic stack. However, there are some who inadvertently combine the two and then see what happens. This article […]



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Oxiracetam Depression Evidence

A lot of people who are willing to try nootropic drugs are looking for evidence before they do so. The oxiracetam depression solutions that many people are claiming have not been verified by traditional studies in a research or lab setting. It is important to make sure that everything you are doing to improve your […]



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Where to Buy Piracetam Cheaply

Finding online nootropic drugs is your best bet for a cheaper alternative. However, if you want to learn where to buy piracetam cheaply and with good quality, it will require a bit of due diligence on your part. The majority of people are not willing to put in the time and the effort to research […]



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Aniracetam Half Life

Improving your nootropic usage could be as easy as looking up a few facts about the drug of choice. For some people who are taking piracetam vs. aniracetam, there is a completely different profile of research to view about the two drugs. Even though both are GABA derivatives that can improve memory and enhance cognitive […]



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How Convenient Are Piracetam Capsules?

When people want to get started with nootropic drugs, there is a tendency to get really excited and then not last long within the community. People often try to buy piracetam in bulk and don’t really create enough of the pills to make it worth their while. However, there are some people who take the […]



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Buy Choline GNC Options

When it comes to purchasing any supplements, one of the best known companies is GNC. This is the general nutrition company, which has been around for many years and is definitely the biggest international supplement business. Although many competitors have offered some alternatives, you may want to first seek to buy choline GNC has for […]



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Taking Smart Drugs for Concentration

Some people think that their coffee is the epitome of being able to focus and concentrate on work. While it certainly has many advantages, the vast majority of people who are trying to get ahead these days are using other types of smart drugs that can help. While caffeine from the coffee can help with […]



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Tracking the Oxiracetam Choline Ratio

Self-tracking is increasingly becoming a popular pastime for a lot of people who want to enhance their cognitive abilities. When it comes to the oxiracetam choline ratio, many people are hesitant to track because of how long it might take. A lot of people could see tremendous benefits if they were just able to start […]



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Long Term Piracetam Depression

One of the major piracetam side effects is depression, but there are relatively few studies to prove this is the case. Even in animal studies with high doses of piracetam, there were relatively few side effects or toxicity problems. Either way, some humans have reported that they feel more depressed when they take piracetam, but […]



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Piracetam Dangers and MDMA

Taking MDMA in itself is not recommended and can provide serious brain-altering effects in the short and long-term. However, some people decide to take MDMA and also use smart drugs like piracetam. There are few piracetam dangers because it is relatively side effect free, but it is important to understand how the drug interacts with […]



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Brain Injuries and Oxiracetam Studies

Even though a lot of politics goes into the FDA research and approval of a product, there are other factors at play as well. The pharmaceutical companies are not all that interested in helping to approve drugs that do not benefit them. In the case of oxiracetam, this is very likely the case. However, there […]



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Aniracetam and Choline for Everyone?

A new concept that is starting to hit the nootropic community is that of choline dominance. This is particularly interesting and important for people who are taking drugs like racetams that require (or recommend) taking a choline supplement alongside. The issue of choline dominance has been started by Dave Asprey who is the famous biohacker […]



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What Are CDP Choline Benefits?

There are a variety of CDP choline benefits, but one has to look at all the studies in order to see whether it is a nootropic compound that is useful for enhancing cognition. Using the following article, we will give you an idea of how you can utilize this drug for maximum effect. Make sure […]



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Aniracetam vs. Piracetam Comparison

Making a comparison between different nootropic drugs can make it easier to decide which one you want to buy. However, there are very difficult comparisons to make within the racetam family simply because each has as synergistic relationship with the other. When trying to compare aniracetam vs. piracetam it is difficult to get an accurate […]



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Side Effects of CDP Choline Supplementation

When considering a relatively new drug for treatment of disease, it is important to study any adverse side effects it may cause. CDP-choline is effective in the treatment of many neurological diseases and can improve memory in the impaired or the healthy but aging. It is useful in the modulation of appetite and may be […]



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Other CDP Choline Effects

CDP-choline is known to be beneficial in the treatment of neurological diseases and cerebral ischemic events. It has also been shown to improve memory in healthy, aging adults and is useful in the modulation of diet and improving attention. CDP-choline also exerts various other effects when taken as a supplement. It has been shown to […]



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CDP Choline Effects on Behavior

In addition to its neuroprotective effects, CDP-choline also exerts effects on behavior. CDP-choline supplementation has been shown to improve attention in health subjects. It also may be useful in appetite modulation. Unfortunately, very few studies on the behavioral effects of CDP-choline have been undertaken. A double blind, placebo controlled study in healthy middle aged women […]



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How Powerful are CDP Choline Side Effects?

Treatment with CDP-choline provides many beneficial effects. Most notable is the compound’s neuroprotective abilities. Many studies with CDP-choline show that it is effective in the treatment of impaired memory caused by many neurological diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia, and is also useful in preventing and, in some cases, reversing brain damage caused […]



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List of Nootropics for Enhanced Mood

Everyone wants to live their life with a better mood and there are now cognitive enhancing drugs that can provide this type of experience. Finding a list of nootropics for enhanced mood is helpful so that you can find what is going to work best for you with many options. We will provide an entire […]



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Oxiracetam Effects in School

There are a wide variety of ways for people to look for cognitive enhancing drugs when it comes to university educations. There is med school, law school, and a variety of other different educational programs that require a lot of memory and cognitive power. For some of the students, racetams are an excellent way of […]



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Understanding the Aniracetam Half Life

For anyone that is interested in improving their understanding of nootropic drugs, there are many online resources that can help you. When it comes to the half life of aniracetam, this article will offer some information that can help you to better dose and time your consumption. The aniracetam half life is very different from […]



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Synergy of Oxiracetam and Choline in Studies

There are numerous studies for many of the compounds that people use as nootropic drugs. When it comes to nootropics that are from natural herbal extracts there is a lot of research, but some of the older synthetic compounds have a lot of research as well. Many of the studies on racetams show that there […]



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Piracetam Benefits with Alcohol

Over the course of the past few thousand years, alcohol has played a huge role in the society of our culture. There are plenty of people who drink alcohol socially and just have a good time with their friends. Other people have addictive personalities and can find alcohol to be a very problematic habit. Anyone […]



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CDP Choline Piracetam for Cognition

The ability for people to improve their cognition has primarily come down to lifestyle factors until recently. The CDP choline piracetam combination is one of the examples of smart drugs or “nootropics” that is now pervading society. People who are trying to improve cognition and enhance their mental energy are looking towards new science to […]



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CDP Choline Piracetam Connections

The CDP choline piracetam connection is one that has a scientific basis from studies completed many years ago. The first instance where piracetam was used for cognition purposes yielded great results in the early 1970s, but it wasn’t until a few months later that scientists started to administer both CDP choline and piracetam together. By […]



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Overview of the Alpha GPC Benefits

Alpha-GPC can be a treatment in cognitive disorders such as Alzheimer’s, dementia, stroke, and transitory ischemic attack. For example, stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA) patients who received Alpha-GPC within 10 days after the stroke or TIA seemed to have better recoveries. Another research suggested that after taking 1200 mg of Alpha-GPC per day for […]



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Alpha GPC Side Effects for Humans

Side effects of Alpha-GPC choline can occur if the dose quantities are too high. Since this compound is a choline, frequent side effects can include diarrhea and an increase in bathroom usage. Alpha-GPC is known to have very low side effects and interactions. If there are interactions with the substance it is likely to be […]



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Oxiracetam Dangers of High Doses

A lot of people that take nootropic drugs are always seeking a quicker response or better cognitive advantages without a lot of time. This can be disastrous when smart drugs are taken in high doses that should not really be used at the beginning. There are a lot of people that take oxiracetam and are […]



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Oxiracetam Benefits with Multiple Stacks

There are a wide variety of different stacks that you can use in order to improve your overall health. The vast majority of people who are trying to improve cognitive abilities have looked at the racetam line of drugs. It is important for you to look into these yourself if you want an opportunity to […]



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Alpha Brain and Phosphatidylserine

Phosphatidylserine, or PS, is a membrane phospholipid naturally produced in the brain. When needed for supplementation as Alpha Brain reviews, it is derived from plant or animal serums. The only difference in animal- and plant-derived PS is that animal-derived PS often contains omega3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). While it is indigenous to humans, […]



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Alpha Brain with Vinpocetine

Several conditions belong to the family of cerebrovascular diseases, which are disorders associated with cerebral vascularization. Cerebral vascularization is the abnormal formulation of blood vessels in the brain. Among these disorders are ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes, aneurysms, and memory and cognition problems. As these diseases are the leading cause of disability in adults, much research […]



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Huperzine A and Alpha Brain

Huperzine A, or HupA, is a nootropic compound included in the Alpha Brain review formula by Onnit Labs. Onnit claims that HupA is able to increase acetylcholine in the brain by lowering acetylcholinesterase production. This in turn is thought to cause improvements in memory. HupA is an alkaloid extracted from the Chinese herb Huperzia serrata. […]



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Alpha Brain and Bacopa Monnieri

Many different plants and plant extracts used in traditional medicine have been studied to determine if their purported effects are indeed real. Often, documented use of these plants dates back hundreds or even thousands of years, and many have been extensively used in developing countries. One such plant, Bacopa Monnieri (or Bacopa), of the Scrophulariaceae […]



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Alpha Brain Review and General Info

As the general use of nootropics gains popularity, manufacturers and distributers are beginning to formulate pre-made “stacks,” or combinations of nootropic compounds. One such combination is the product Alpha Brain by Onnit Labs. Onnit claims that Alpha Brain increases brain acetylcholine levels while keeping the user calm and focused. It also claims to increase the […]



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CDP Choline Improves Attention in Middle-Aged Women

Exogenous citicholine administration has been shown to exert a variety of neuroprotective and cognitive enhancing properties. It is also rapidly absorbed and less than one percent is excreted in feces. Due to its effectiveness, the drug is marketed as a nutritional supplement in the United States. Citicholine has been shown to improve attention and executive […]



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Citicholine and Impaired Choline

Several studies have shown citicholine has a positive effect on rats with impaired memory. Citicholine has also been shown to exert a neuroprotective effect on patients with Alzheimer’s disease and other neurovascular diseases. However, its neuroprotective and memory enhancing effects have not been studied together in the same model. This study was conducted to examine […]



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Sleep Disturbances and Citicholine

Postmortem studies have shown that cocaine use causes the depletion of neuronal phospholipids, while citicholine has been shown to improve neuronal membrane integrity. Citicholine has also been shown to improve neural plasticity after stroke, and is widely used in the treatment of cerebral ischemia. Citicholine’s numerous beneficial effects on cognition and behavior make it a […]



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Citicholine Reverses Hypotension

Citicholine has been shown to have various beneficial physiological effects on cellular functions in the brain. It is widely used to treat cerebral ischemic events, such as stroke. The drug is also known to improve cognition in patients with Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease, and improves eyesight in patients with glaucoma. While many studies have […]



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Citicholine 2008 Study

Cytidine diphosphate choline, also known as citicholine, is a nucleotide, which is a family of biomolecules that play a part in cellular metabolism. Citicholine is known to function as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of cell membrane phospholipids. Citicholine is formed naturally in the brain from choline, which needs to be ingested as part of […]



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Buy Nootropics in Capsules or Powder?

One of the biggest questions that people have when they want to buy nootropics is whether they should get capsules or powder. Anyone who is trying to get the best possible results needs to consider the benefits of both methods for their goals. There are many advantages of capsules, but also advantages of using powder […]



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Where Do I Buy Piracetam?

Although it seems to be common knowledge that piracetam is helpful for the human body, there are a few questions about where to buy piracetam. Getting the highest quality powder will ensure you are free from side effects, problems and other issues you don’t want to deal with. The following article is for all the […]



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Best Nootropic Supplements and Foods

There are many people who are trying to enhance their cognitive function without using smart drugs and that is an honorable practice. The journey might be a lot longer and harder, but it can also be very creative and rewarding. Rather than simply taking the best nootropic supplements, you will need to do the research […]



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Even though we have written extensively on the oxiracetam and alcohol interaction, it is best for you to also understand how you can enjoy both of these compounds. They both have many benefits for improving your life and social interactions with other people so there is no reason to stop the usage of them both. […]



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Aniracetam and Alcohol Toleration

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Best Nootropics to Handle Stress

The best nootropics for anyone to start taking are going to depend a lot on what kinds of problems they are having. Many people want to focus better and have a better memory, but there are those who want to be able to handle stress better. The cortisol response can not only damage your ability […]



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There are a lot of side effects to keep in mind no matter what kind of drug you are taking. When it comes to something like oxiracetam, you also have to keep an important eye on the types of physiological and biochemical changes that can occur. Make sure that you are constantly looking at the […]



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A lot of people who are struggling with anxiety look to other methods of ridding their problem. Alternative methods include things like taking nootropics or smart drugs and there are a wide variety of other things that can be done as well. Make sure that you are able to understand how all the different compounds […]



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Some people who are involved with nootropic drugs prefer to learn where to buy piracetam the hard way rather than reading information and advice on the internet and learning from mistakes. One of the biggest problems that some people make is that they go online in order to save money, but they do not check […]



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Excess Oxiracetam Dosage to Start

One of the biggest words of caution for anyone who is getting started with nootropic drugs is to avoid getting dragged into the attachment to an outcome. If you are trying to reach your genetic potential with the help of nootropic drugs, you may feel the need to accelerate your dosage in order to get […]



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Piracetam Studies and Alzheimer’s Disease

Millions of people suffer from Alzheimer’s disease (AD) every day and many of them have no way to turn their memory problems around. Families are completely broken as people don’t recognize their immediate relatives. It is heartbreaking to see people lose their memory and have debilitating problems that last them the rest of their lives. […]



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Enhancing your memory does not have to be a difficult proposition. It is your responsibility to focus on getting the best possible results when you are in school or at the workplace and there are plenty of nootropics that can help. If you are wondering where to buy nootropics for enhanced memory, you can use […]



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There are always problems when you want to buy something online. No matter what type of industry you are looking for products in, you will find that there are some problems or another. When it comes to purchasing oxiracetam online, you will find there are a few more difficulties than in some other industries. One […]



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Advantages of CDP Choline Side Effects

There are a lot of side effects of supplements and most of them are not all that great. Few people enjoy some of the secondary effects of the drugs that they take. However, there are some drugs that provide almost all positive side effects. CDP choline side effects are mild or non-existent in most situations. […]



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Best Choline Supplement for Health

There are many different options when it comes to improving your health with the use of supplements. A lot of people focus on their body for good reason. There are many elements of the body that require some form of support, but it is in your best interest to consider your brain health the most. […]



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Citicoline for Enhanced Cognition

Citicoline or cytidine 5′-diphosphocholine (CDP-choline) is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of membrane phospholipids and brain acetylcholine. It is a psychostimulant compound and a source of Acetylecholine and a water-soluble nootropic of the Choline chemical class. This compound is used as an exogenous sodium salt, though CDP-choline is an endogenous nucleotide naturally found in the […]



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Piracetam Dangers and Choline Uptake

There are few piracetam dangers to worry about, but headaches are a common side effect that most people would rather avoid. There are multiple reasons why a headache might accompany piracetam usage, but the majority of users find inadequate choline to be the main cause. A major study of piracetam showed that racetams (including piracetam, […]



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Alpha Brain Review – A Full Analysis

Alpha Brain is one of the most famous nootropic blends that sparked debate and controversy in many communities. Produced by Onnit Labs since 2010, Alpha Brain has been featured in a variety of media outlets including the Joe Rogan Experience. Many nootropics users question the validity, price, and efficacy of Alpha Brain for cognitive enhancement, […]



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For anyone who looks at PubMed or many other public databases often, it is easy to see how oxiracetam can become a convincing idea for improving cognitive abilities. When it comes to your own advancements in cognition, it makes sense that you would want to use the drug in order to improve yourself. The following […]



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Short Aniracetam Half Life

When it comes to understanding a certain drug and the interactions within the human body and brain, it is important to make sure that you learn about the half life. The half life of any drug is going to provide you information that allows you to better and more properly dose your smart drugs for […]



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Overcoming Aniracetam Side Effects

Even though it might seem like there are relatively few problems with nootropic drugs, it is best to check the research and reviews beforehand so you have a better idea. More importantly, it is the responsibility of every user to be conscious of choices and determine whether a certain drug is causing side effects that […]



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Are Oxiracetam Capsules Too Big?

There are some bizarre requests when it comes to nootropic drugs and oxiracetam capsules can be the topic of a lot of discussion. Some people wonder whether the capsules are too big as it might be somewhat difficult for others to get the pills down if so. There are a few sizes of oxiracetam pills […]



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Optimal Choline Complex for Complete Acetylcholine Nutrition

Brain health is one of the most important things for anyone to consider in the modern world. The rest of the body is important, but ensuring neurological connections are healthy is one of the best methods that you can use in order to promote longevity and prevent some of the degenerative diseases. There are several […]



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CDP Choline Dopamine

There are many different side effects when it comes to taking nootropics, but some of them can actually be beneficial for the human brain. Some people who take choline supplements realize that there are CDP choline dopamine benefits that go along with each other. The real mechanism of action is a little more complicated than […]



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Choline Pills for Mental Energy and Focus

There are a lot of different advantages of acetylcholine and many people think that it is most well known for memory and enhanced neuro protection. Of course, this is one of the most well researched section for the different choline supplements. However, choline pills can be incredibly effective for improving mental energy and focus as […]



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Experiments for CDP Choline in Rats

Oxidative stress emerges after reperfusion of an organ following an ischemic period and results in tissue damage. In the heart, an amplified generation of reactive oxygen species and a significant Ca(2+) accumulation cause ventricular arrhythmias and mitochondrial dysfunction. This occurs in consequence of increased non-specific permeability. A number of works have shown that permeability transition […]



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CDP Choline Administration

CDP-Choline became available over the counter in the US in 1998. Most pills come in a 250 mg dose. The recommended CDP Choline standard dosing of CDP-choline is to take 500-2,000 mg in two divided doses (of 250-1,000 mg) usually separated by 8-12 hours, although a single daily dose is also sometimes used. A single […]



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Overall Effects of CDP Choline

Scientific research demonstrates that consumption promotes brain metabolism by enhancing the synthesis of acetylcholine, restoring phospholipid content in the brain and regulation of neuronal membrane excitability and osmolarity (by its effect on the ATP-dependent sodium and potassium pumps). CDP Choline is widely used to help and to treat Alzheimer’s and as a Nootropic supplement to […]



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CDP Choline Background Information

CDP-choline (Cytidine Diphosphate-choline, Cytidine Diphosphocholine or Citicholine) stands for cytidine 5-diphosphocholine, an intermediate in the biosynthesis of membrane phospholipids and brain acetylcholine. It is a psychostimulant compound and a source of Acetylecholine and a water-soluble nootropic of the Choline chemical class. It was originally developed in Japan for stroke and is now also approved in […]



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Alpha GPC is Safe for Supplementation

Alpha-GPC is a known derivative of soy lecithin, which has been given the title of generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the United States Food and Drug Administration. The Institute of Medicine has determined an adequate daily intake of choline of 550 mg per day for adult males, 425 mg per day for adult females. […]



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Alpha GPC for Treating Cerebral Ischemic Attacks

Victims of acute ischemic cerebral events (TIA, p-TIA, or stroke) are known to be at a much higher risk of dementia. In fact, cerebrovascular disease is the second most common cause of dementia. The reason for this, however, remains unknown. It is thought that injury to multiple regions of the brain may lead to dementia […]



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Alpha GPC vs. CDP Choline – Which is More Effective

Many people wonder whether alpha GPC vs CDP choline is a comparison that can improve brain related results. According to some studies, there may actually be a difference in efficacy between the two, but it all depends on goals. Utilize this guide to see whether the information might help you. Age-related brain deterioration is caused […]



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CDP Choline vs. Alpha GPC

Trying to determine whether to take CDP choline vs. alpha GPC? There are many advantages of each of these different choline sources, but as you will see from the research, it is not a difficult decision. There are benefits of CDP choline and alpha GPC choline, but you need to take the drug that best […]



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Alpha GPC and Amnesia in Rats

Research has shown that the cholinergic system plays a role in learning and memory. Anticholinergic drugs have been known to impair learning and memory in rats. One such drug, scopolamine, is used as a model of amnesia in rats due to its ability to reduce retention times in test subjects. Precursors of acetylcholine (ACh) have […]



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Alpha-glycerophosphocholine General Info

Alpha-glycerophosphocholine, or alpha-GPC, is a cholinergic compound reported to have nootropic effects. It is found naturally in the brain and milk. Studies have shown that alpha-GPC supplementation can prevent degradation of the brain caused by ischemia or Alzheimer’s disease. It has also been shown to be effective in treating vascular dementia and may also play […]



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Aniracetam Reviews for Health

As many people say, your health is the most important thing that you have. If you can’t maintain your health, there is a good chance you will end up with a lot of problems in the long-term as well as the short-term. This is why so many people who are taking nootropic smart drugs need […]



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Benefits of Piracetam Online

Quality is always an issue when taking smart drugs, but cost is a huge factor as well. People who want to enhance their cognitive abilities and improve their potential need to be able to afford the help. When it comes to piracetam, there are many benefits of buying it online. The vendors of piracetam online […]



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Why Oxiracetam Bulk is Useful

Saving money while you are taking nootropic drugs is a godsend for many people. The highest proportion of people taking smart drugs are actually students who are trying to get ahead and invest in themselves now so that they can have better jobs and careers later on. The oxiracetam bulk option is so useful for […]



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Piracetam Half Life and Central Nervous System

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CDP Choline Powder – Is It Worth It?

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Choline Dosage

Getting the optimal effects from any supplement or nootropic requires that you take the right amount. The dosage is particularly important when you are looking at products like choline to enhance your cognitive abilities. The choline dosage is particularly important because there are multiple sources that you will be able to take in order to […]



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Are There Benefits of Lecithin?

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CDP Choline for Glaucoma, Appetite, and Complex Geriatric Syndrome

As the number of elderly people increases, many with chronic ischemic cerebrovascular disease show complex symptoms caused both by the decline in their state of health and by stressful events, such as continued hospitalization. These symptoms are characterized by confusion and/or stupor, which are hard to care for. CDP-choline is known to have neuroprotective effects […]



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CDP Choline as a Safe and Effective Supplement

Cerebral vascular disease is known to cause impairments in the activities of daily living. As the elderly population increases, more people are diagnosed with mild vascular cognitive impairment. CDP-choline has been shown to have neuroprotective and cognitive enhancing properties. This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness and safety of CDP-choline in patients with mild […]



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When Piracetam Reviews are Bad

There is a time when getting the review of a product can be a bad thing. Typically this comes about when people start to over think their decisions and their experiences too much. Piracetam reviews on the internet are a great way of getting information about the smart drug and seeing whether it is something […]



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CDP Choline Improves Hippocampal Acetylcholine

Previous studies have shown that administration of CDP-choline improves long-term spatial memory consolidation and retrieval mechanisms. The hippocampus is known to be important in long-term spatial memory, and can be impaired by aging and impoverished environmental conditions. This study was conducted to determine CDP-choline’s effect on memory impairment in impoverished rats. A group of rats […]



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CDP Choline and Age Related Memory Deficits

Aging is known to be associated with hippocampal-dependent memory decline in both humans and rats. Recent studies suggest that aging rats have impaired consolidation and retrieval mechanisms. CDP-choline administration in rats has been shown to increase acetylcholine synthesis and release, which plays an important part in memory function. This study was conducted to characterize the […]



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CDP Choline Recovers Dopamine and ACh Receptors

CDP-choline has been shown to be helpful when treating certain age-related diseases, such a Parkinson’s disease or Alzheimer’s disease. CDP-choline’s effects on these diseases may be due in part to its effects on the neurotransmitters dopamine and acetylcholine, as these are known to be involved with such diseases. Aging mice have been shown to exhibit […]



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CDP Choline and Plasma Choline Plus Uridine

Previous studies have shown that CDP-choline elevates plasma levels of cytidine and and choline in humans. However, some have shown to be not fully specific. This study was conducted to perform more specific assays on CDP-choline’s metabolism. Results of the experiment show that exogenous CDP-choline is metabolized mainly into choline and uridine in humans, contrary […]



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Metabolism of CDP Choline

CDP-choline has been shown to effect brain phospholipid biosynthesis. It is also known to affect the metabolism and release of certain neurotransmitters. This study was conducted to examine the metabolism of CDP-choline in human and rat test subjects. Both oral administration and intravenous administration were tested using assays for choline, CDP-choline, cytidine, and CMP. Results […]



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CDP Choline General Info

Cytidine diphosphate choline, also known as CDP-choline or citicoline, is a nucleotide, which is a family of biomolecules that play a part in cellular metabolism. CDP-choline is known to function as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of cell membrane phospholipids. CDP-choline is formed naturally in the brain from choline, which needs to be ingested as […]



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Alpha GPC Side Effects and Precautions

Alpha-GPC can cause side effects in some people including heartburn, headache, insomnia, dizziness skin rash, and confusion. It may also cause some gastrointestinal irritation, headache or insomnia in a small percentage of people. Not enough is known about the use of alpha-GPC during pregnancy and breast-feeding. Stay on the safe side and avoid use. Alpha-GPC […]



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Alpha GPC Choline Background

Alpha-GPC choline (L-Alpha glycerylphosphorylcholine) is a natural choline compound found in soy and other plant breakdowns. When consumed as medicine, it rapidly delivers choline to the brain across the blood-brain barrier and is a biosynthetic precursor of the acetylcholine neurotransmitter. Effects include potential treatment of diseases and enhancement in memory and cognitive such as similar […]



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Popularity of Smart Drugs

The popularity of smart drugs has been growing exponentially over the past decade for a few main reasons. First and foremost, the people who are trying to get ahead and be high performers and finding it harder to compete in such a globalized world. When you are no longer competing with your class, but with […]



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There are a wide variety of nootropics and supplements that proclaim they can help with one thing, but do not tell you about the side effects. When it comes to compounds like choline, finding the right source without the side effects is not a difficult task. The CDP choline side effects are minimal and can […]



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Why Not Buy Piracetam Bulk for Convenience?

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Why Aniracetam Studies Matter

Studies of any nootropic drug matter a lot to the people who take them. There are a lot of resources that you can use in order to get the information that you are looking for. Most people think that they have to go to a library or have access to some kind of special file, […]



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Citicholine CDP choline

There are a lot of people who tout the benefit of citicholine CDP choline and with good reason. This is one of the two most efficient sources of choline that can help a variety of different things within the human brain and body aside from the memory advantages of choline alone. Using this article, we […]



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Choline Tablets

There are many different forms of choline that you can take for improved cognitive abilities. Of course there is the dietary type, but there is also the choline tablets that you can purchase. These are often filled with the choline powder, which can help you to get the precursor that you need for enhanced cognitive […]



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Does Choline Supplementation Work?

There are a lot of doctors and researchers that claim choline supplementation can be an effective for improving cognition and other elements of the body. It is important to take some type of choline supplement if you are not getting enough in your diet. Considering most people do not eat organ meats or nearly enough […]



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Choline Supplement Benefits

There are many different choline supplement benefits for the general population in the United States and western world. Most people do not consume nearly enough choline, which is why they have all type of choline deficiencies and a variety of other problems that arise as well. If you are struggling to find enough micronutrients in […]



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Choline Brain Effects

The extreme effects of nutrition on the human mind is great because it is the fuel for the brain to operate. Without proper nutrition, there is no way to maintain the mental capacity to perform tasks and retain memories among other things. The choline brain effects are profound, which is why so many doctors and […]



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CDP Choline Benefits for Elderly

There are a lot of elderly people who need help with their cognitive abilities and it makes sense that they would want to get the help of some type of supplement if needed. When searching for different methods of improving cognitive abilities, it is a good idea to look for the most efficient sources so […]



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Nootropic Stack Using Piracetam

Most people who have used smart drugs or are knowledgeable about these compounds will have heard of piracetam at some point in their life. As far as nootropics are concerned, piracetam was the first to be discovered for cognitive enhancement and remains one of the best-studied drugs available. Combining piracetam with others to form a […]



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CDP Choline for Children

A lot of people are starting to supplement with CDP choline and other products that can enhance cognitive abilities. The majority of those who look at choline or acetylcholine are interested in neuro protective agents that can prevent degeneration. However, there are options that can help children as well. Want your children to have the […]



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How Choline Supplements Relate to Acetylcholine

There are a variety of different neuro chemicals in the brain, but four of them are called neurotransmitters and have specific functions for humans. Particularly important is acetylcholine, which is responsible for enhancing memory and providing general cognitive enhancement. Many people consider choline supplements a great way of getting more acetylcholine in the brain and […]



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Choline Cocktail

Getting the right amount of choline is incredibly important for optimal brain health and physical capabilities. Sometimes it is just not enough to get the choline from food sources, which means that you need to take a choline cocktail. There are so many different methods that you can use to create your own, but here […]



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Buy Choline Bitartrate Powder

There are many sources of choline that you can consume for adequate acetylcholine, but few of them are as bad as choline bitartrate. It is not a very useful source of choline and it can cause a number of problems if you are not taking the right dosage. One of the reasons we advocate that […]



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CDP Choline and Uridine

There are four major types of choline sources that one can use to supplement for increased acetylcholine. One of these is called CDP choline, which stands for Cytidine DiphosPhocholine. As the name implies, it offers the body choline and also cytidine, which has the unique property of being instantly converted into uridine. The benefits of […]



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Supplements for Acetylcholine

For health conscious individuals, supplements are becoming an ever important daily ritual that can help to improve the number of nutrients when diet is not enough. Modern diets and lifestyles just do not offer the optimal health options and it is important to consider how to make the proper trade off for health. Choline is […]



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Alpha GPC Choline Improved Athletics

There are many advantages of taking dietary choline for enhanced cognition and neuro protection. Most people who supplement with choline are utilizing these advantages for themselves. However, the question still arises whether there are added advantages of taking specific choline sources. Alpha GPC choline is one source that has a few studies indicating enhanced performance […]



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Choline Deficiency

Having a deficiency in any nutrient is bad, but when it pertains to how your brain functions and creates memories, it can be even worse. A choline deficiency can lead to a number of problems and many of them are hard to know about until it is too late. Modern diets do not make it […]



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CDP Choline Dosage

For people interested in enhanced cognitive abilities, getting enough choline is a great way of achieving this in a relatively simply way. Choline is a dietary product found in many cruciferous vegetables, but mostly in eggs and organ meats. Sometimes wheat products will have choline as well, but it is important to ensure you get […]



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Nootropics List for Different Needs

Strictly speaking, smart drugs are a very broad category and there are many things included within a nootropics list. There are a wide variety of drugs that are dedicated to helping improve memory and there are many that are also useful for attention, focus, and concentration. Yet others are useful for anxiety and nervousness. Determining […]



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CDP Choline Benefits – An Overview

For nootropics or supplements to enhance brain health, there are a variety of different benefits that can often feel difficult to navigate. When it comes to the CDP choline benefits, there is a long list that comes directly from the many studies on the subject. By learning about these studies, you can better understand whether […]



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Coluracetam and Schizophrenia

Many different animal models have been developed to simulate symptoms of schizophrenia. One such model uses subchronic administration of phencyclidine (PCP) to simulate schizophrenia’s effects on motor response. In experimental studies, PCP was found to reduce acetylcholine (ACh) in the striatum, which is thought to be characteristic of the brains of schizophrenics. In order to […]



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Coluracetam and Hyperglycemic Effect

It is known that cholinergic neurons in the brain are involved in learning and memory performance. Also, cholinergic functions in Alzheimer’s disease patients have been shown to be defective. Drugs researched for treatment of Alzheimer’s disease commonly affect the cholinergic system. However, cholinergic neurons are also involved in the regulation of peripheral carbohydrate metabolism. Therefore, […]



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Glutamate Protection with Coluracetam

The purpose of this study was to document the ability of coluracetam to prevent glutamate cytotoxicity in cultured cortical neurons. Cortical cultures obtained from fetal rats were exposed to coluracetam for twelve to twenty-four hours and then exposed to ionomycin, a calcium ionophore, or S-nitrosocysteine (SNOC), a nitric oxide (NO) donor. Coluracetam was found to […]



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Chronic Treatment with Coluracetam

This study was conducted to study the effects of coluracetam, linopiridine (Dup 996), and tetrahydroaminoacridine (THA) on working memory deficits and decreased hippocampal acetylcholine (ACh) content in mice treated with AF64A, an experimental drug that impairs memory and lowers high affinity choline uptake (HACU). Mice were tested for memory with a delayed non-matching to sample […]



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Coluracetam Mode of Action

While it has been known that coluracetam increases high affinity choline uptake (HACU) in the hippocampus in rats, its mode of action, for the most part, has remained largely unknown. This study was conducted to investigate coluracetam’s mode of action of HACU enhancement. Tests were done to examine coluracetam’s effects on HACU, along with an […]



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Coluracetam Effects the Synthesis and Release of Acetylcholine

The effects of different dosages of coluracetam on the synthesis and release of acetylcholine (ACh) in the hippocampis of AF64A treated rats and normal rats was studied. Coluracetam was found to significantly reverse the reduction of ACh and high affinity choline uptake (HACU) caused by treatment with AF64A. Prior to testing, rats were treated with […]



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Coluracetam and Lasting Effects on Rat Cognition

This study was conducted to document the effects of repeated administration of coluracetam in rats treated with the experimental drug AF64A. Concentration was tested with a water maze test. Results showed that a single dosage of coluracetam had positive effects on concentration up to twenty-four hours after administration. It was also shown that repeated administration […]



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Coluracetam Compared to Other Racetams

A survey was conducted to investigate the outcomes of clinical trials and compile scientific literature relating to the pharmacology, dynamics and kinetics, mechanism of action, dosing, and effects of various marketed and investigational drugs such as piracetam and piracetam-like drugs. These drugs modulate cerebral functions and are of interest because of their effects on cognition, […]



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Coluracetam General Information

Coluracetam, also known as MKC-231, is a synthetic derivative of a family of drugs called racetams. Its IUPAC name is 2-(2-oxo-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-N-(2,3-dimetyl-5,6,7,8- tetrahydrofuro [2,3-b] quinolin-4-yl) acetoamide. Racetams are a class of drugs that share a common pyrrolidone nucleus. Many are nootropics. Coluracetam has been shown to interact with a process in the brain called high affinity […]



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More Noopept Studies

A study in neuroprotective and nootropic drug noopept rescues α-synuclein amyloid cytotoxicity. Parkinson’s disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by α-synuclein (α-Syn)-containing Lewy body formation and selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. We have demonstrated the modulating effect of noopept, a novel proline-containing dipeptide drug with nootropic and neuroprotective properties, on […]



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